Table of Contents
In 1885-1886, the first machines were developed on the thrust of an internal combustion engine. From this moment, mankind fell into a rigid dependence on energy carriers. With the increase in production, the volumes of transportation of petroleum products increased, the methods of delivery improved. For a long time, this was done very primitively, in a caravan way. Wooden barrels and wineskins were filled with oil or kerosene, loaded on wagons and thus delivered to the place. Or on the water – in oak, and later, steel barrels. This method of transportation was very expensive; the cost of oil products was too high.
In 1878, to meet the rapidly growing demand for petroleum products, a decree was issued to create a railway branch. Its construction was completed on January 20, 1880. Oil was first transported in special tanks.
Features
Some viscous petroleum products – for example, bitumen – may require heating up during draining, other substances – lower drainage device or an electrically insulating protective layer. Therefore, for almost every oil product, there are specialized tanks, railway, and truck tanks that fully meet the safety and practical standards.
Petrochem transport today
Each type of transportation has its pros and cons. The fastest airway is very expensive, it requires special security measures and that is why this method of delivery is rarely used – in cases of urgent need or impossibility to deliver fuel in another way. For example, for military purposes or in cases of actual inaccessibility of the terrain for other types of transport than air.
Convenient transportation of oil and fuel are sea and river tankers. River oil transportation, in comparison with rail, reduces costs by 10-15%, and by 40% in comparison with an automobile. Large ship-owning oil companies are also actively involved in the development of the industry.
High security requirements force oil companies to modernize the material and technical base.